NYAGRODHA JATA (Aerial Root)
Nyagrodha Jata consists of dried Aerial of Ficus bengalensis Linn. (Fam. Moracem), a very large tree with spreading branches, occurring throughout the country, and also planted on road sides and in gardens.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Vata Jata, Bahupada
Assamese : —
Bengali : Bar, Bot
English : Banyan Tree
Gujrati : Vad Vadavai
Hindi : Baragada jata, Valajatta
Kannada : Alada Chirugu
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Peralveru
Marathi : Vada Paranika
Oriya : Bara gachha
Punjabi : Bardajattu
Tamil : Alamvizhuthu
Telugu : Peddamatti, Marri Udalu
Urdu : Bargad
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug occurs in cut pieces, 4 to 8 cm long, 0.1 to 1.2 cm thick, cylindrical, unbranched or branched; rough due to longitudinal and transverse cracks and transverse rows of lenticels; external surface grey; cut surface reddish-brown; fracture, fibrous in bark portion and tough and short in wood portion.
b) Microscopic
Aerial root shows cork consisting of 4 to 6 or more rows of narrow, tangentially elongated cells; secondary cortex consisting of a zone of 4 or 5 rows of stone cells, followed by wide zone of thin-walled parenchymatous cells, filled with reddish-brown contents; a number of large groups of stone cells, oval to elliptical, elongated, thickwalled, with wide lumen and clear pit canals found scattered throughout secondary cortex; secondary phloem a wide zone consisting of sieve tubes, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma, traversed by phloem rays; phloem fibres numerous, arranged in tangential bands alternating with sieve elements; secondary xylem very wide consisting of pitted xylem vessels, fibres and xylem parenchyma, all elements being lignified; vessels single or in groups, xylem parenchyma numerous, xylem fibres numerous, thickwalled with blunt tips and wide lumen; xylem rays numerous, uni to tetraseriate.
Powder – Reddish-brown; shows oval to elliptical, elongated, thick-walled stone cells with wide lumen and clear pit canals; fibres, thick-walled with blunt tips and wide lumen; xylem vessels showing pitted thickening.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 3 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C of alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ using Toluene: Ethyl acetate (7:3) shows under U.V. (366 nm) three fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.34 (sky blue), 0.63 (sky blue) and 0.78 (blue). On spraying with 10% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid regent and on heating the plate for about ten minute at 105oC three spots appear at Rf. 0.63 (grey), 0.78 (brownish grey) and 0.96 (brown).
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Kasaya
Guna : Guru, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Grahi, Sthambhaka, Pittahara, Kaphahara, Varna, Bhaghnasandhanakara, Sodhana, Ropana, Kesya
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Kumkumadi Taila, Rasa Sindhura, Abhraka Bhasma (Marana), Svarna Sindhura, Naga Bhasma, Vanga Bhasma (Jaranartha), Taila Moorchana
THERAPEUTIC USES – Daha, Visarpa, Rakta Pitta, Trsna, Yoniroga, Medoroga, Bhagandara
DOSE – 2-5 gm of the drug in powder form.
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